Media Devices

Media devices fingerprinting enumerates available cameras, microphones, and speakers using the MediaDevices API (navigator.mediaDevices.enumerateDevices()). This reveals the number, type, and capabilities of connected media hardware without actually accessing the devices or requesting permissions. Device labels, group IDs, and capabilities create distinctive fingerprints, especially for users with professional audio equipment, multiple monitors with built-in webcams, USB microphones, or Bluetooth headsets. The mere presence and count of devices is highly revealing: most laptops have 1-2 cameras (front and optional IR camera for Windows Hello) and 1-2 microphones, while desktop setups vary widely. Professional creators may have 3-4 cameras, multiple microphones, and several audio outputs connected simultaneously. Even when device labels are restricted before permission is granted, the number and types of devices (audioinput, videoinput, audiooutput) provide fingerprinting signals. Device IDs, while randomized per session in some browsers, remain consistent within a session and across same-origin contexts. Media capabilities (resolution support, frame rates, audio sampling rates) further distinguish devices. While permission-gating prevents detailed device access without user consent, enumeration alone provides sufficient entropy for fingerprinting, and users who grant camera/microphone permissions expose complete hardware configurations including specific model names and capabilities.

• •Device availability
• •Hardware config
• •A/V optimization